A.A. Akramov, K.R. Rahmatzoda

Annotation:

The publication is dedicated to the comprehensive issues of occupational health and safety (OH&S) and industrial hygiene under conditions of regular exposure of personnel to technically hazardous reagents at industrial and construction facilities. The researchers have systematized data on the specific destructive impact of highly concentrated acid-base environments, fuels and lubricants, liquefied gases, and toxic volatile compounds on human tissues and physiological systems. The paper reveals the patterns of development of severe chemical injuries, cryogenic lesions, acute skin pathologies, respiratory tract damage, and general intoxications. A particular emphasis is placed on the physicochemical and technological factors that deteriorate the working environment: it describes the gas exchange processes ("breathing") of storage tanks, the dynamics of absorption and desorption of toxicants by the porous structures of building materials and protective gear, as well as malfunctions in air purification systems and depressurization of pipelines during reagent transportation. As a practical value, the study provides well-founded recommendations on the selection, proper application, decontamination, and rotation of personal protective equipment (RPE and PPE for skin protection), hygiene regulations, and step-by-step first-aid protocols, where the primary action is prolonged flushing of the affected areas with running water. The material is of applied value for specialists in technosphere safety.

Keywords: chemical burns, personal protective equipment (PPE), toxic pulmonary edema, occupational diseases, cryogenic liquids, dermatitis, vapor poisoning, respiratory tract damage.